反应机制- Concept

好吧，当您处理反应时，您可能不会意识到反应实际上会经历几种不同的事情，然后才能从反应物到达产品。如果您查看这种蓝色反应，它不仅仅是从臭氧到一个简单的步骤，实际上我们将实际调用反应机制或反应物经过的反应途径，实际上是从氧气中进行的。。好的，因此反应机制是一系列2个或更多简单的反应，它们结合在一起以形成整体反应，这是我们在开始之前实际需要知道的更多。总体反应不再被称为总体反应，我们将称复杂的反应可以。基本步骤是一系列简单的反应，结合起来形成整体复杂反应。

Okay and there're some things that are, that the reaction, here's the reaction down here might be involved in that reaction mechanism but are not shown in this overall complex reaction. But one of them is going to be the intermediate and intermediates are substances produced in one element reaction or step and then consumed in another. And another thing is that catalyst, a catalyst you know that are things that increase the rate of reaction, you put them in the reaction and you also can get them out unchanged, they're not consumed by the reaction, they're left unchanged when dealing with the reaction. Okay so let's look at this complex reaction in blue. It actually does go from ozone to oxygen, it actually goes through these theories of elementary steps that's indicated below. So ozone which comes from the atmosphere also deals with, reacts with chlorine and chlorine comes from the stratosphere, they react together and they actually output some oxygen and some chlorine oxide.

好,然后也同时臭氧是reacting with the uv in the atmosphere and it's going to produce some oxygen gas and some oxygen atom. Now these 2 things are very unstable, this guy is a radical meaning it has an odd number of electrons, it's extremely reactive and this guy is oxygen, oxygen should be a diatomic. It usually is never left by itself. So these guys are very, very unstable, so what's going to happen is, those guys are going to react and they're going to produce more oxygen gas and then chorine. Okay, so since this is being produced and then consumed again, here and here this is our intermediate. We can cross those out, these are not part of our overall reaction it's produced and then consumed. That's our intermediate, we also have an intermediate with oxygen produced and consumed awesome.

Then we have chlorine, chlorine is actually brought into the reaction and then outputted unchanged. This is our catalyst, I'm going to box that off, that is our catalyst. This actually helped the reaction proceed, but it was, when we put it in and we got it out left unchanged, it might have changed within the process but we got it back. That's our catalyst, the catalyst is not, is also not going to be part of the overall complex reaction. So if we were to add this up, I'm going to cross out the catalyst because we're not going to include that either. We get O3+O3 yields O2+O2+O2, 2O3+3O2 is exactly what we originally, our complex will actually state so they should up to get our complex rection.

好的，这一切意味着什么？就像我什至这样做的原因一样，让我们​​去这里我们实际上可以找到使用速率反应机制的反应速度的速度。因此，在我们处理之前，通常在您找到率法律法律时，您正在处理经验数据或实验数据。您在实验室里有一些试验，实际上是为了做到这一点。但是，如果您知道反应有效以及该机制如何分解，则实际上可以通过使用基本步骤来找出费率定律。让我们谈谈这个问题，好吧，我崩溃了，这是我在这里复杂的反应，然后将其分为基本的步骤。现在，您将获得此信息，无论它是缓慢，快速还是快速，我们要说这是我们在这里确定步骤的费率。我的意思是确定步骤？速度确定步骤是我们最弱的联系。这是反应的速度不超过最慢的基本步骤，这意味着我们不能比最慢的步骤更快。 So this is going to be what our rate law is actually going to be dependent upon. So we know our rate law backbone is going to be rate equals k times the concentration of whatever it's involved in.

Since this is our slow step I can just take this reaction and use this reaction, so I can say the rate is a concentration of NO because we know it's a reactant squared. Now when we're dealing with empirical data or data or experimental data I could not do that, I had to figure out what this squared meant but, using empirical data like we did in another video. But this squared can actually come from our rate determining step this actually can tell us what the rate was without having to calculate it. And notice from our complex reaction H2 it doesn't matter, is not part of the rate law. It doesn't actually matter how much hydrogen I had put into my reaction because it's only, the rate is only dependent on how much NO is in the reaction.

实际上，这是通过能量图的插图来说明这一事实，这是一个速率定律，因为请注意，这是我们提出的，但这是一氧化氮一氧化氮正在反应形成我们的活化复合物，并且我们的激活能量非常高。好的。而且这将是，很多精力将需要很多时间才能在这里起床并登上产品。这些要慢一点，它们更快，因为我们的激活能量较小，正如我们的速率机制所指示的那样。您不必计算此信息，实际上您将获得此信息，但这只是向您展示或插图以显示为什么的证明。因此，您不仅可以使用经验数据找到速率定律，而且还可以通过使用反应机制的系数来使用反应机制找到速率定律。