查尔斯法律 - 概念

好吧。您可能遇到的一个气体法则称为查尔斯法律，查理法由19世纪的法国Jacque Charles成立。并且他发现，给定质量的气体的体积与其在恒定压力下的keelvin温度成比例。有两件事您想确保您知道或您在阅读此气体法时注意到。一个是开尔文温度，在那里你确保我们的温度总是总是总是在kelvin才能在与这个查尔斯法律打交道时得到错误的答案，你也想注意到这是一个恒定的压力。因此，变化的两个变量是体积，体积和温度。好的，那些是我们处理的两个变量。

所以让我们说我们有两个渔民。他们在这方面，通知他们处于相同的压力。所以，这个罐子我们有气体压力。我们知道常温和压力，然后我们实际上加热了。好的。所以现在我们正在增加动能。那些气体颗粒现在以更快的速度移动，如果我们想确保压力是恒定的，则能够更快。他们实际上将推动这个东西的顶部，实际上移动变大。因此，如果您注意到，温度和体积之间的关系随着我们增加温度，我们也增加了体积，只要压力恒定。好的？

因此，Charles Law，它的关系是 - 我们与实际法律中所述的直接关系，我们现在实际上可以在数学上平等。体积一来除了一个超等于第二一个的体积除以第二场景的温度。所以这实际上是数学上的查尔斯法律。如果你要制作一个图表，查尔斯法律的图表在Zellvin，我们将有零卷，因为它是零凯尔文，没有任何动作，气体的体积实际上是零的，并且它增加了另一个增加了。所以你将要有那样的线性关系。随着气体的体积增加，温度增加了。它也增加了。此外，随着温度降低，气体的体积实际上降低。让我们实际上是一个显示这个的演示。

好的。所以在这里，我在一些水中漂浮着蜡烛。我要照亮那支蜡烛。让我首先把安全护目镜放在一边。让我们这样做。好的。好吧。我将在这里把它放在这里只是为了安全。确保我不会燃烧任何东西。好的，所以发生了什么，这个蜡烛周围的空气颗粒实际上是升温，好的。 So they're expanding. I'm going to capture this, I'm going to capture this. I'm going to put this glass on top of this candle and what that's going to do is going to end up going out because it's going to all the oxygen in this glass container is going to go away. It's going to be used up. So as it's being used up the candle is going to go out. And notice, when it went out, a lot of the volume in the water level rose inside the canister. Now why did that happen? Because when the candle went out, the temperature of the gas particles inside the ga- inside this glass chamber actually dropped and that made the temp- the gas particles actually have a lower volume. Because the gas particles had a lower volume, they had, that volume had to replaced by something. And it was replaced by the water at the bottom. So the water is actually able to be sucked in to the glass container to replace that volume that was then lost due to the drop in temperature.

好的。所以让我们在课堂上看到一个问题。好的。你在课堂上可能看到的东西我会脱掉我的玻璃护目镜。不再需要它们了。40摄氏度的气体占据2.32升的体积。如果温度升至75摄氏度，如果压力是恒定的，则新体积将是什么。所以我正在处理温度和体积。所以我在我的脑海中知道了查尔斯法律。查尔斯法律涉及温度和体积。 Okay. It also deals with temperature in kelvins. So I want to make sure I change these temperatures to kelvin. So knowing that my formula is v1 over t1 equals v2 over t2. The first volume that we're going to deal with is 2.32 litres. The first temperature is 40 degrees celsius. We add 273 to that and we get 313 kelvin and then our second volume is, we don't know. It's what we're looking for. It's what we're looking for. Our second temperature is I'm just going to turn this on real quick. Our second temperature is 75 degrees celsius. We're going to add 273 to that and we get two, 348 kelvin. We cross multiply 348 times 232 divided by 313, we get our new volume which is 2.58 litres and let's see if that makes sense, okay?

所以我们增加了温度。我们从313到348到348，容量将发生什么？它也应该增加它。2.32增加至今2.58升。如此数学，这是正确的。如此希望，所有这些，演示，图表和问题有助于您了解Charl-查尔斯法律如何运作。