衰变-概念

当你在处理核反应或者在原子核内的反应时，有几种不同类型的反应会发生其中一种是衰变，这是中子分解成质子和电子的时候。为什么会这样呢?中子和质子的比率高于乐队的稳定和稳定的如果我和乐队一起去这是这是一种黑色的灰色线我们会确保我们的中子质子比属于灰色线如果没有那一定会发生要么是什么它会开始辐射能量和原子核会发生一些变化，原子核会使它更稳定，处于稳定的范围内。

衰变是当它在稳定带之上时会发生什么?中子和质子的比例太高了，它超过了稳定的范围，这意味着有太多的中子，所以我们必须对原子里面的中子做些什么。

让我们看看稳定的原子我们知道ca -碳12 12最大12和6个质子中子数是6和质子是6总质量的12和比例是1比1这是我们喜欢的。我们喜欢低原子序数下的1比1的比例碳是低原子序数所以它的比例是1比1所以它不会受到任何形式的核辐射这是完全可以的，它是安全的。然后我们去这里碳14的一个同位素碳12质子是相同的6个质子,然后我们有8个中子和6 + 8 = 14所以我们比中子质子比是1.33这有点高的原子序数低6级所以我们要做的是摆脱一些中子所以细胞核内会发生的是，一个中子会分解它会分解成一个质子和一个电子。

注意,当积极的和消极的要一起做一个中性电荷他们确保这些加起来,这使得收益率签署和等号(IB)所以我可能我可能想把上面,这样我们可以清楚这意味着什么好,究竟发生了什么?见碳14 14的质量数和原子序数6的分解,这是会发生,它会发出这个电子这将是一个高速电子会向大气中排放不仅会发射电子的气氛很是漂亮bad for the environment pretty bad for us but it can be blocked by things like foil or things something a thin material can actually block this so it's actually not that damaging but it does emit something to the atmosphere and also emits high speed high energy particle, energy particles, called gamma rays this is energy because this this is coming from a high energy system now well having going to a low energy system and the energy is going to be released as gamma rays so that's actually was the danger is about about this radiation. Anyway so it's going to emit go down to a nitrogen with a mass number 14 and atomic number of 7 so that actually mutate from carbon to nitrogen and let's look at this proton and neutron ratio at this neutron to proton ratio so the number of neutrons we're having here 7 so we have we're going to look at our neutron to proton ratio for nitrogen and we have 7 neutrons and 7 protons so this is 1 to 1 ratio and so this is wholly okay so now we stabilize this this carbon atoms can be a nitrogen atom so this is just a one way that an unstable nucleus can start becoming more stable by emitting beta particles or electrons.